Hydrothermally Derived Mg-Doped TiO2 Nanostructures for Enhanced H2 Evolution Using Photo- and Electro-Catalytic Water Splitting

Mg-doped TiO2 nano-structures in different compositions (1, 2.5 and 5%) were successfully synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction electron microscopic studies used to investigate the crystal structure, surface morphology particle size of as-synthesized materials. Raman carried out elucidate phase identification modes vibrations determine impact dopant ion on structures. The band gap was estimated using UV-DRS whereas, BET area analysis revealed an increase increasing Mg2+ ions concentration nanostructures. Among various composition nano-structures, 5% photocatalyst showed maximum hydrogen evolution activity (38.96 mmol gcat−1) 8-hour (h) cycle. Moreover, 2.5% nanocatalyst with tafel slopes 123.5 126.7 mV/dec strong for both HER 0.5N H2SO4 0.1N KOH, onset potential 0.96 V (at 10 mA/cm2) −1.38 1 HER, respectively. Experimental investigations deduced that incorporation resulted generation catalytic titanium dioxide owing synergistic effect provided remarkable presence defects introduced doping.